P-value and Statistical Hypothesis

Theory

p-value๋ž€? (probability value)

  • ๋žœ๋ค ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์„๋•Œ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ผ ํ™•๋ฅ .

  • p ๊ฐ’์ด 0.05 (ฮฑ, ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€) ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 5%๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž„.

  • ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 5% ์ดํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ **"๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ด์œ  (์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„)"**๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.

Statistical Hypothesis

  • H0 (null hypothesis): ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

  • H1 (alternative hypothesis): ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

  • 1์ข… ์˜ค๋ฅ˜: ์–ด๋–ค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

    • ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์„ 5%๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, 1์ข… ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ 5%๋กœ ์ œ์•ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž„

  • 2์ข… ์˜ค๋ฅ˜: ์–ด๋–ค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

Type I & Type II Errors.

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